Syria, officially known as the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in the heart of the Middle East, bordered by Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Lebanon and Israel to the west. With its capital in Damascus, one of the world’s oldest continuously inhabited cities, Syria has a rich history that spans thousands of years. Its ancient civilizations, including the Canaanites, Phoenicians, and Arameans, laid the foundation for many cultural and technological advances.

In modern history, Syria was part of the Ottoman Empire until the end of World War I, after which it came under French mandate until gaining independence in 1946. The country has since experienced a tumultuous political landscape, marked by the establishment of the Ba'athist regime in 1963 and the rise of Hafez al-Assad's... Read More